First Continental Congress Essay example - 1444 Words

The First Continental Congress The American dream is built upon a foundation of struggles and gains, along with more struggles. A look back to early American History provides one with a timeline that seems endless and full of surprises. The First Continental Congress serves as one of those timeline markers and is a great example of the American way. Being one of the first meetings ever between the colonists, The First Continental Congress laid one of the first bricks into the foundation of America. The First Continental Congress made its mark in history on September 5,1774 in Philadelphia’s Carpenters Hall. According to the u-s-history.com website, â€Å"The idea of such a meeting was advanced a year earlier by Benjamin Franklin, but†¦show more content†¦Independence was not the issue at this meeting, rather the members in Congress sought to â€Å"right the wrongs† that the colonies had endured. Along with that redemption, the members of the First Continental Congress sought to gain a voice in London, something they were denied of. One cannot truly grasp the magnitude of this Continental Congress until we look at the prominent figures in attendance during this time. There were 55 delegates in Carpenter’s Hall but perhaps the most prominent figures include, â€Å"George Washington, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, John Jay and John Dickinson.† The delegates were mainly those of high social standing and many made their living in the fields of â€Å"trade, farming and law.† Communication between the colonies was very minimal, therefore many delegates were meeting for the first time and all would have different opinions and issues. Members of the First Continental Congress did not suffer from lack of communication, as â€Å"The first few weeks were consumed in discussion and debate. The colonies had always, up to this time, acted as independent entities.† With that many delegates had to overcome distrust and learn to work as a whole body rather than individuals with different agendas. The agenda at the First Continental Congress was not completely clear in the eyes of the delegates. Leadership, during this time, was crucial and once this issue wasShow MoreRelatedHistorical Analogy of the First and Second Continental Congress1024 Words   |  4 PagesHISTORICAL ANALOGY OF THE FIRST AND SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS Introduction CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, 1ST (1774) AND 2ND (1775-1781). The political state of affairs in Massachusetts produced by the English Coercive Acts, that had been approved in reaction to the Boston Tea Party, riled up such radical New York patriot leaders as Alexander McDougall and Isaac Sears and to suggest the assembly of a general colonial congress to the Boston Committee of Correspondence. The Massachusetts General AssemblyRead MoreThe French And American Revolutions Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge. The example of the American revolution and the securalisation of society in the Age of Reason-the Age of Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. However these were major causes and were pivital. The first set the stage, the second started the actions and the third kept them in motion. The first provided the explosive, the second lit the fuse and the third was the gunpowder that kept the explosion going. For on the 14th of July 1789, what is considered by many as the birth of really modern historyRead MoreThe French And Indian War963 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel, Virginia implemented the first intercolonial committee in 1773, and soon afterwards, committees appeared in all thirteen colonies. Thus, the colonies began to display political unity as they sought a united response. This unity was noted in a letter from Richard Lee in which he noted that all of North America was firmly united and resolved to defend their liberties. (Doc. C) The idea of political unity was also led to the creation of the First Continental Congress, in which 12 of the thirteenRead MoreThe Legitimacy of the Declaration of Independence Essay1662 Words   |  7 Pagesproclaim that, â€Å"God is love† (1 John 4:16 English Standard Version). In light of these words, then, how was the Declaration of Independence in any way a legitimate Christian response? To get to the bottom of this, a few areas will need t o be analyzed. First, key Biblical passages, second, the atrocities of Britain, and third, the spiritual basis for the founders’ actions. After the evidence has been analyzed, it will be clear the Declaration of Independence was legitimate on Christian grounds. With suchRead MoreThe Federalist And Republican Parties2188 Words   |  9 PagesAmerican history is so full of wonderful, enticing things. A few of those enticing things include the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress and how they came to be through the events leading up to them. Another captivating piece of our history is that of the formation of the Constitution along with the interesting factors and characteristics that go along with it. Finally, we have the emergence of the Federalist and Republican Parties. It is important to have an understandingRead More john adams revolution Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the two sides, resulting in colonial unity and the sovereignty of a new republic. There were many causes and effects of the American Revolution. There were many causes that sparked Americas new sense of individuality (p.26). One of the first causes was the increased confidence in military strength, which caused a rise in colonial self-esteem. This increase in self-esteem was a result of the valuable gained from the French and Indian War. The French and Indian War, also shattered the mythRead MoreThe War Of Great Britain1869 Words   |  8 Pagesfighting the British and the Loyalists. This war became known as the American Revolutionary War. The Patriots came together from each of the thirteen colonies and created a congress that avoided loyalists and mad them completely irrelevant to the patriotism movement. At that point the patriots came together to create a Continental Army that was under General George Washington. Eventually they claimed King Georges rule to be completely unfair and take away the rights of the Englishmen. They were doneRead MoreThe War Of The American Revolution2351 Words   |  10 PagesThe events that led up to the American Revolution war were not big events but a series of small even ts when compounded together each created the catalyst to launch the colonists into revolt. The first of the events to create the spiral effect was the seven year war or the French and Indian War. That war was fought by British soldiers on several different continents. The biggest location was fought in the British colonies of North America. The British government wanted to expand their territoryRead More Second Continental Congress Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesSecond Continental Congress â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death† were the famous words spoken by Patrick Henry in the struggle for independence (Burnett 62). He addressed the first continental congress in 1774 and started the process of American political revolt. This revolt eventually climaxed in the rebelling of Britains American colonies and the establishment of what would become the United States of America. The Second Continental Congress accomplished independence through organizationRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution1328 Words   |  6 Pagesfarmers. Naturally, they were not used to long campaigns or battles with British Regulars, and thousands quit. General Washington begged the Continental Congress to provide a regular army of men enlisted for a long term, but Congress felt that step would violate civil liberties. It was only after so many American defeats threatened the war effort that Congress agreed to offer extra pay to officers and privates and pledged to see the war to an end. By 1775, tension between the colonies and the mother

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 2 Free Essays

string(54) " slashing before I could fire\? Decisions, decisions\." I’d learned to follow a blood trail before I grew breasts. Not from my father. No. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He disappeared right about the time I uttered the word Da-da. I should have kept my mouth shut. But that was nothing new. My mother was, make that is, a true girlie-girl. She never knew what to make of a daughter who preferred to play with boys, shoot guns, and get dirty. She still doesn’t. I was a wild child. Not her fault, though she blames herself. I don’t think I turned out too bad. I’m a cop, not a delinquent. That has to be good for something. Except my mother’s approval. I gave up on that a long time ago. I don’t hear much from her these days. If she couldn’t have the perfect daughter, she’d hoped for perfect grandchildren – as if she’d get them from me. Marriage and family aren’t high on my list of priorities. Oh, wait – they aren’t on the list at all. I had no doubt Miss Larson’s wolf was long gone; still I couldn’t just give up without trying. It wasn’t in me. Following a blood trail through the dark was a neat trick, one I’d picked up from my best friend in the sixth grade, Craig Simmons, who’d learned it from his best friend in the fifth grade, George Standwater. The Indian kids didn’t mix much with the white kids, and vice versa, despite any smiley-faced propaganda to the contrary. Once in a while a few became friends, but it never lasted long. The adults, on both sides, took care of that. I’ll never forget how awful Craig felt when his parents told him he couldn’t see George anymore. Kind of how I felt, I’m sure, when Craig decided he’d rather play with girls in the Biblical sense and he no longer had any need for a friend-girl like Jessie McQuade. With a near audible whoosh, the forest closed in around me, leaving the civilized world of cars, electric lights, and roads behind. Beneath the canopy of the evergreens and birch trees I could barely see the stars. That’s how a lot of losers got lost. I’d learned in my years on the force that quite a few more people disappeared than the public ever heard about. Miniwa was no exception. Folks walked into the woods on a regular basis and never came out. Not me. I had my flashlight, my gun, and my compass. I could stay out here for days and find my way home, too, even without the antiquated walkie-talkie. The machine chose that moment to crackle, so I shut if off. All I needed was to get close to the wolf and have Zee cuss a blue streak through the receiver. I’d have one chance, if that, and I wasn’t going to blow it. I wished momentarily for a rifle. With a pistol I’d have to get awfully close, but we didn’t keep long-range firearms in the squad cars. They were all locked up safe and tight back at the station – where they were of no use to me at all. The blood trail veered right, then left, then right again. Nearing three-quarter size, the moon was blaring bright. The kind of night most animals kept to the forest, spooked into hiding by the shiny disc in the sky. Except for the wolves. They seemed to like it. Tonight, I liked it, too. Because the silver sheen bounced off a glistening splotch on the ground here, a leaf there. That the blood was still wet gave me hope my quarry might not be too far ahead. The wolf could even be dead, which would solve a whole lot of problems. Still, I kept my gun handy. I knew better than to follow a wounded wild animal without protection. The breeze ruffled the short length of my hair and I paused, lifted my face to the night, then cursed. I was upwind. If the wolf wasn’t dead, he knew I was coming. A howl split the night, rising on the breeze, sifting through the darkness, and fleeing toward the moon. Not the soulful sound of a lonely animal searching for a mate, but the furious, aggressive wail of a dominant male, which caused the back of my neck to tingle. He knew I was coming, and he was ready. My adrenaline kicked in. I wanted to move faster. Get there. Fight, not flee. Finish this. But I had to follow the blood, and that hadn’t gotten any easier. Then, suddenly, the trail was gone. I backtracked. Located the blood again. Moved forward, found nothing. My wolf seemed to have disappeared into thin air. Uneasy, I glanced up at the swaying silhouettes of the trees. A laugh escaped, the sound more nervous than amused. What kind of wolf could climb a tree? Not one that I wanted to meet. A movement ahead had me scurrying forward, damn the blood trail. I burst through the brash and into a clearing, nearly stumbled, and fell at the sight of a shiny log cabin that hadn’t been there a few weeks ago. Had it sprouted from the dirt? My curiosity about the new house vanished when my gaze lit on a swaying, shivering bush at the far side of the clearing. The windows of the cabin were dark. If I was lucky, the occupants were asleep or, even better, not in residence. I didn’t want to scare anyone with gunshots outside their new home at 4:00 a.m., but I wasn’t going to let my quarry get away, either. Gun drawn, I advanced. A single, glistening drop of blood on a leaf made me cock my pistol. The bush stilled. I was so tense my body ached with it. I couldn’t just shoot without knowing what was there. But what if the wolf leaped out, jaws slashing before I could fire? Decisions, decisions. I hated them. Give me a nice, sure, clean shot any day. Black-and-white. Right and wrong. Good versus evil. â€Å"Hey!† I shouted, hoping the wolf would run the other way and I could blast him. No such luck. The bush began to shake again, and a shadow lifted, lengthened, grew broader, and took the shape of a man. A very handsome, well-proportioned, naked man. â€Å"What the – ?† From far to the north came the cry of a wolf, silencing my question, reminding me I needed to move on. Ignoring the naked man – which wasn’t easy, he was quite spectacular and I hadn’t seen one in a long, long time – I searched the ground and the trees for the blood trail. However, it was well and truly gone this time. â€Å"Damn it!† I holstered my weapon. â€Å"Problem?† His voice was deep, almost soothing, flowing like water over smooth stones. He was taller than me by a good five inches, which made him six-three in bare feet. The moon shone silver across his golden skin, which appeared to be the same hue all over. He obviously had no qualms about going bare-assed beneath the sun as well as the moon. He stared at me calmly, as if he didn’t know, or maybe just didn’t care, that he’d forgotten his clothes when he’d stepped outside. Well, if he could be nonchalant, so could I. â€Å"Did a wolf run through here?† He crossed his arms over his chest. His biceps flexed; so did the muscles in his stomach. I couldn’t help myself. I stared. Ridges and dips in all the right places. He’d been working out. â€Å"Seen enough?† he murmured. With no small amount of difficulty, I raised my gaze to his face. I refused to be embarrassed. He was the one standing naked in the night. â€Å"Why? Is there more?† His teeth flashed against the darker shade of his face. His eyes were black, his hair, too, and nearly as short as my own. A golden feather swung from one ear. Interesting. Most Native American jewelry was silver. If he were white, he’d take a lot of heat for that earring in a place like Miniwa. This might be a new millennium, but in small Midwestern towns earrings were for faggots, just as tattoos were for motorcycle gangs. Unless you were an Indian; then folks just ignored you. However, I doubted a man who looked like he did was ignored by the entire population. â€Å"You’re after a wolf?† He stepped from behind the bush, giving me a much clearer view of a whole lot more. My cheeks heated. For all my bravado and smart-mouthed comments, I’d never had much use for men beyond friendship. Probably because they’d never had much use for me. Still, a girl has needs, or so I discovered beneath the shiny, silver moon. â€Å"You wanna put on some clothes before we chat?† I aimed for a bored, woman-of-the-world tone. I got a breathless, sexy rasp. To cover my embarrassment I snapped, â€Å"What are you doing out here?† â€Å"I’m not out anywhere. This is my place, my land. And I don’t have to explain anything. You’re trespassing.† â€Å"Hot pursuit. Exigent circumstances,† I mumbled. â€Å"Just seems odd to be out in the dark in the buff.† â€Å"Why have a cabin in the woods if you can’t walk around naked whenever the urge strikes you?† â€Å"Oh, I don’t know. Maybe poison ivy in all the wrong places?† I thought he laughed, but when I glanced at him, he’d turned away. I lost my train of thought again at the sight of his back. The muscles rippled as he moved. Was it hot out here? â€Å"You’re chasing a wolf, alone, through the woods in the middle of the night, Officer†¦ ?† Suddenly he was right in front of me. Had I been so entranced with my fantasies that I hadn’t noticed him slip in close? Obviously. A slim, dark finger reached out; the white moon of a nail brushed the nameplate perched on my left breast. † ‘ McQuade,'† he read, then lifted his eyes to mine. I had to tilt my head back, not a common occurrence for me. I could usually stare guys straight in the eye, and I was rarely this close to them. They were never naked. He smelled like the forest – green trees, brown earth, and†¦ something wild, something free. I felt as if I were falling into his dark, endless eyes. His cheekbones were sharp, his lips full, his skin perfect. The man was prettier than I was. I took a giant step back. Just because I was in a woodland clearing with a gorgeous, naked Indian man didn’t mean I had to swoon like the heroine of a historical romance novel. I wasn’t the type. â€Å"I’m doing my job,† I said, as much to answer him as remind myself. â€Å"A wolf bit a woman out on the highway. I need to find the thing.† Something flickered in his eyes and was gone so quickly I wasn’t sure if I’d seen anything beyond the shift of the moon through the trees. â€Å"I doubt you’ll succeed.† He turned away again, and this time my gaze caught on a nasty bruise along his hip. â€Å"Ouch,† I murmured. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I – uh – † I waved my hand vaguely at his ass. â€Å"What happened?† He twisted, glanced down, frowned, then raised his eyes to mine. â€Å"I’m not sure. I must have been clumsy.† As he strolled toward the cabin, I watched him move. Funny, he didn’t appear clumsy at all. He plucked a pair of cutoffs from the porch and yanked them on without benefit of underwear. Why I found that incredibly erotic, I have no idea. But there it was. Not bothering with a shirt, either, he returned. I found myself entranced by his chest. Smooth, strong, no hair to mar the perfection, would he taste as good as he smelled? I rubbed my eyes to make the image go away. I needed to get laid and fast. When my pulse leaped in response to the thought, my cheeks heated again. Down, girl, I admonished my panting libido. You’re in the minors; he’s a major leaguer. Still, I could dream, couldn’t I? â€Å"Uh†¦ Um. Could you help me pick up the trail?† Nice, Jessie. Why don’t you stutter and drool while you’re at it? Thankfully, he didn’t seem to notice my red face and awkward tongue. â€Å"Me?† He ran his fingers through his short hair, frowned, and shook his head, almost as if the cut was new, unfamiliar. His earring danced in the moonlight. â€Å"The blood disappears beyond that bush where you – † I frowned. â€Å"You’re sure you didn’t see him?† He gave an impatient sigh. â€Å"I’m sure.† â€Å"Then maybe you could help me pick up the trail again?† â€Å"Why would you think that I know how to track a wolf? Just because I’ in Ojibwe?† â€Å"You are?† He rolled his eyes. â€Å"Come on, Officer, you aren’t blind and you’ve been looking.† â€Å"You’ve been showing. I’m also not stupid.† His lips twitched. He nearly smiled before he caught himself. â€Å"Even if I knew jack about tracking in the dark, I wouldn’t help you find that wolf. You’ll kill him.† I shrugged. â€Å"He bit a woman. She’s going to need rabies shots if I don’t find him.† â€Å"You won’t find him.† Annoyance flashed through me. â€Å"You psychic or something?† â€Å"Something.† Whatever that meant. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 2, Essay examples

Stepped Up and Scratched by Asking Alexandria free essay sample

After I purchased my first car all I wanted to do was buy a CD by my favorite band, Asking Alexandria thats dub step, a new techno music made up of heavy bass drops and techno beats that mimic heavy metal guitars. Asking Alexandrias dub step album â€Å"Stepped Up and Scratched† holds remixes of a bunch of songs from their two other albums. I listened to the first track, â€Å"A Single Moment of Sincerity† excitedly and was already tapping my foot and bobbing my head. It plays a technologically remixed version of a guitar lick. The bass kicks in and finally that one moment that all dub step listeners love: the bass drop. I was extremely impressed with every remixed track on this album. Even though most strayed from the original, true Asking Alexandria fans will recognize the original. All in all, this album was well done. I would definitely recommend it to anyone who loves a nice bass sound. We will write a custom essay sample on Stepped Up and Scratched by Asking Alexandria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best thing about dub step is it plays with your ears. In any other genres like even rap, you can tell what the song will do next. But dub step is different. â€Å"Stepped Up and Scratched† definitely gets an A+ in my book, or should I say ears. It was an excellent purchase and increased my love for the band. People who love a good dance party will love this album and this genre of dub step.

Organization of a Hospital Activity

A hospital is a network of many different departments that need proper communication and cooperation. When the system breaks down, there are many problems for both staff and patients. The quality of service begins to suffer, and the environment becomes stressful and unhealthy for healing. The provision of healthcare has always been an important and controversial issue. There are times in life when anyone might require some form of medical attention and it is everyone’s right to receive the proper treatment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organization of a Hospital Activity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Problem areas: The waiting room is not equipped to suit the patients. The emergency room is the face of the hospital, as this is the first area that people come into and where they wait to be seen by the nurse. It is rather small and does not adequately seat all patients. As a result, people have to wai t in the hallway and around the entrance into the sanitary emergency ward. Also, the traffic in the hallways becomes congested and the ambulance personnel, as well as porters who are transferring patients have problems maneuvering around people; fire safety procedures suffer as a result. The waiting room is not separated into adult and child sections and so, children are suscepted to potentially dangerous infections. The communication between the psychiatric ward and the waiting room are completely disorganized. A patient who comes into the hospital for a psychiatric assessment is forced to wait more than two hours in a room 2 meters by 2 meters with uncomfortable seating and an absence of a bed. This leads to constant problems with their stress levels, which causes the emergency room personnel and doctors to control these patients and assign unneeded medication. The communication between the 5th floor (psychiatric ward) and transfer of patients is inefficient. The nurses in the ICU -intensive care unit are disorganized with the time a medication or other procedures must be administered to the patients. Improvements: The waiting room: must extended for the greater amount of people and separated into a child section, adult section and one for those who might transfer an infectious disease to others. Communication: healthcare revolves around individuals and just attendance to their needs. An administrator who is in charge of changing or creating medical policies or the nurses and doctors themselves, are obligated to provide proper care to anyone in need, including psychiatric patients. The long wait times must be cut in half, as people are susceptible to further and unnecessary stress. It is morally necessary to make sure that the person gets the treatment and medication they require. Programs for nurses: as education for doctors and nurses is particularly serious, there should be in-hospital classes provided. People become morally used to the patients and their suffering, thus the medical staff needs a refreshment of their understanding and knowledge. Organization: certain criteria and parameters must be outlined for nurses for better history of medical problems and physical assessment. The patient is another person who must be shown how to do the monitoring themselves, with clear guidelines and goals in the reach for stability. The use of multidisciplinary team is very helpful, as it increases the scope of diagnostics and treatment but also approach towards patients. The focus is on older adults and children, in order to establish the reasons for their delay in seeking medical attention or advice on how to deal with the issue.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Organization of a Hospital Activity was written and submitted by user Moderate Lion to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes and suggest at least one possible solution.

Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes and suggest at least one possible solution. Overpopulation has become a knotting question that both developing countries and industrialized ones have to cope up. This phenomenon leads to some impacts on society namely the unemployment condition and the poverty, which requires an exact policy such as birthrate control from the authority. My essay will illustrate the items mentioned above in details.To begin with, the unemployment occurs to all countries in the world with no exception. The root of this situation is the universal increase in inhabitants, of which the number is rising everyday. It results in the fact that there is not enough occupation for people at the working ages. For instance, thousands of students graduate from universities and colleges annually. Yet, the vacancies in companies and offices are limited, which does not come to labour's expectations. The managers can not accept so many employees at the same time and certainly, the rest of these applicants will be out of work.Map of countries and territories by f ertility rate...Following this, poverty is an indispensable issue as well. This mainly takes place in some areas of the nation. It is the consequence of lack of supply for daily life. Admittedly, a family which has more than five members contributes a difficulty to public. To illustrate, the leaders of a family are parents, whose jobs are official workers. When the income they take is too low, there are a lot of expenses like bills, schooling fees for children and food they have to pay..And due to this, they can not afford all.To overcome the overpopulation, governments have found some effective strategies, one of which is family planning. this policy has been put into practice for many years and shown a turnaround. Its primary content is helping the couple plan having children by using birth control.In conclusion, although the growth of population is continuing,

Aaron Burr - Biography and the Duel with Hamilton

Aaron Burr - Biography and the Duel with Hamilton Aaron Burr is mostly remembered for a single violent act, the fatal shooting of Alexander Hamilton in their famous duel in New Jersey on July 11, 1804. But Burr was also involved in a number of other controversial episodes, including one of the most disputed elections in American history and a peculiar expedition to the western territories that resulted in Burr being tried for treason. Burr is a puzzling figure in history. He has often been portrayed as a scoundrel, a political manipulator, and a notorious womanizer. Yet during his long life Burr had many followers who considered him a brilliant thinker and a gifted politician. His considerable skills allowed him to prosper in a law practice, win a seat in the U.S. Senate, and nearly attain the presidency in a startling feat of deft political gamesmanship. After 200 years, Burr’s complicated life remains contradictory. Was he a villain, or simply a misunderstood victim of hardball politics? Early Life of Aaron Burr Burr was born in Newark, New Jersey, on February 6, 1756. His grandfather was Jonathan Edwards, a famous theologian of the colonial period, and his father was a minister. Young Aaron was precocious, and entered the College of New Jersey (present day Princeton University) at the age of 13. In the family tradition, Burr studied theology before becoming more interested in the study of law. Aaron Burr in the Revolutionary War When the American Revolution broke out, the young Burr obtained a letter of introduction to George Washington, and requested an officers commission in the Continental Army. Washington turned him down, but Burr enlisted in the Army anyway, and served with some distinction in a military expedition to Quebec, Canada. Burr did later serve on Washington’s staff. He was charming and intelligent, but clashed with Washington’s more reserved style. In ill health, Burr resigned his commission as a colonel in 1779, before the end of the Revolutionary War. He then turned his full attention to the study of the law. Burrs Personal Life As a young officer Burr began a romantic affair in 1777 with Theodosia Prevost, who was 10  years older than Burr and also married to a British officer. When her husband died in 1781, Burr married Theodosia. In 1783 they had a daughter, also named Theodosia, to whom Burr was very devoted. Burr’s wife died in 1794. Accusations always swirled that he was involved with a number of other women during his marriage. Early Political Career Burr began his law practice in Albany, New York before moving to New York City to practice law in 1783. He prospered in the city, and established numerous connections that would prove useful in his political career. In the 1790s Burr advanced in New York politics. During this period of tension between the ruling Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans, Burr tended not to align himself too much with either side. He was thus able to present himself as something of a compromise candidate. In 1791, Burr had won a seat in the U.S. Senate by defeating Philip Schuyler, a prominent New Yorker who happened to be the father in law of Alexander Hamilton. Burr and Hamilton had already been adversaries, but Burr’s victory in that election caused Hamilton to hate him. As a senator, Burr generally opposed the programs of Hamilton, who was serving as secretary of the treasury. Burrs Controversial Role in the Deadlocked Election of 1800 Burr was the running mate of Thomas Jefferson in the presidential election of 1800. Jefferson’s opponent was the incumbent president, John Adams. When the electoral vote produced a deadlock, the election had to be decided in the House of Representatives. In the prolonged balloting, Burr  utilized his considerable political skills and nearly pulled off the feat of bypassing Jefferson and gathering enough votes to win the presidency for himself. Jefferson finally won after days of balloting. And in accordance with the Constitution at the time, Jefferson became president and Burr became vice president. Jefferson thus had a vice president he didn’t trust, and he gave Burr virtually nothing to do in the job. Following the crisis, the Constitution was amended so the scenario of the 1800 election could not occur again. Burr was not nominated to run with Jefferson again in 1804. Aaron Burr and the Duel With Alexander Hamilton Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr had been conducting a feud since Burr’s election to the Senate more than 10  years earlier, but Hamilton’s attacks on Burr became more intense in early 1804. The bitterness reached its climax when Burr and Hamilton fought a duel. On the morning of July 11, 1804 the men rowed across the Hudson River from New York City to a dueling ground at Weehawken, New Jersey. Accounts of the actual duel have always differed, but the result was that both men fired their pistols. Hamilton’s shot did not strike Burr. Burrs shot struck Hamilton in the torso, inflicting a fatal wound. Hamilton was brought back to New York City and died the next day. Aaron Burr was portrayed as a villain. He fled and  actually went into hiding for a time, as he feared being charged with murder. Burrs Expedition to the West The once-promising political career of Aaron Burr had been stalled while he served as vice president, and the duel with Hamilton effectively ended any chance he may have had for political redemption. In 1805 and 1806 Burr plotted with others to create an empire consisting of the Mississippi Valley, Mexico, and much of the American West. The bizarre plan had little chance for success, and Burr was charged with treason against the United States. At a trial in Richmond, Virginia, which was presided over by Chief Justice John Marshall, Burr was acquitted. While a free man, his career was in ruins, and he moved to Europe for several years. Burr eventually returned to New York City and worked at a modest law practice. His beloved daughter Theodosia was lost in a shipwreck in 1813, which further depressed him. In financial ruin, he died on September 14, 1836, at the age of 80, while living with a relative on Staten Island in New York City. Portrait of Aaron Burr courtesy of New York Public Library Digital Collections.

Threat of Religion-Based Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Threat of Religion-Based Terrorism - Essay Example Threat of religion-based terrorism is more rife currently than ever before as evidenced by a couple of things especially extremist groups. For instance, the last five years a number of religious groups have emerged where terror activities have been carried out. Surprisingly, these groups justify their actions on their religious ideologies. One example entails the Islamic State, which is the latest group, which claims that killing those of other religions will see the followers rewarded in the after-life. Ironically, the main leaders of these groups seldom engage in these activities; instead, their followers who are brainwashed. Terror activities are synonymous in these groups where unimaginable acts of human rights abuse are carried in the most heinous way. For instance, the aforementioned group has been responsible for a number of deaths with three Americans, two Britons, one Jordanian, and two Japanese among the number (Musarrat & Khan, 2014). In order to bolster its activities in as many regions as possible, this extremist group engages in radicalization. Here, people from many regions are enticed in to joining these activities using propaganda and sympathy. A case in point is the IS tendency to portray the West as inhuman. Additionally, the Africans have not been without a problem of their own concerning the same issue. First, the Al-Shabaab has terrorized many of the Somali nationals in the name of religion. Similarly, the Nigeria’s Boko Haram has proved to be a challenge to the government, and a number of people have lost their lives. Using the same tactics as the IS, the Nigerian group maims and carries out other heinous activities, and justify itself through religious ideologies (Musarrat & Khan, 2014). The activities may seem new to the current generation, but history shows that there have been similar cases where religion was a catalyst to terrorism. For instance, Father Charles Coughlin was

Marketing distribution management#3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Marketing distribution management#3 - Essay Example These can be through charity work and donations. Sales promotion involve seasoned media or non-media communications that aims at increasing consumer and market demands as well as product availabity through coupons, product samples or trade shows. Direct marketing involve channel agnostic advertisements like mobile messaging, online display ads or interactive consumer websites. Brand vision is to empower people with great software on any devise, anytime and anywhere. Brand position would be the market leader, while brand personality is safe. These brands increases sales of Microsoft goods and services as for example, one would prefer services from number one leader and more so a safe one. Building a brand before its launch before its launch is important in ensuring that it does not fail to meet its target or cause problems like Microsoft vista. It would also ensure that the corporation creates necessary structure for accommodating increased services if the brand is successful (Solomon, Cornel and

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Example for Free

Student Web Scavenger Hunt Essay Log on to the new University of Phoenix eCampus web page located at: https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/portal/portal/public/login.aspx. Explore the resources available on the site and use them to answer the following questions. ACADEMIC HELP 1.What are the six â€Å"Other Math Labs† available for study in the Center for Mathematics Excellence? (Hint: Click on the â€Å"Running Start Link.†) Self-Assessment Aleks Math Refresher Pre-Algebra Review Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Introduction to Statistics 2.Which three reviewing services are available to students through the Center for Writing Excellence? WritePoint takes 2 hours CWE Review takes 4 days Plagiarism Checker takes minutes 3.Which resource in the Tutorials Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence â€Å"offers tips about how to format using APA style according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th edition)†? Samples APA Sample 4.What are the two required writing manuals for University of Phoenix students? APA Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Gregg Reference Manual UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1.What are the three major article databases found in the University Library? EBSCO host Gale PowerSearch Pro Quest 2.Name three specialized article databases in the University Library. ACM Digital Library American Health Line Bio-Med Central 3.What link would you click to ask a question of the University of Phoenix Librarian? Under University Library, look on the left side under other resources, and then click on Ask a librarian COURSE INFORMATION 1.From your student Web site, how do you access your reading assignments for this course? Open Resource, Click on which week Go to Classroom Go to Materials Scroll down to the readings Click on which reading you need Click either read book online or Click download eBook 2.What chapter from the text Keys to College Studying is part of the reading assignment for Week Two of this course? Keys to College Studying is not our textbook. Chapter 1 of our textbook talks about modes of learning, multiple intelligences, and learning styles. Chapter 9 talks about diversity. 3.Where on your student Web site will you be able to find your schedule and course grades? Go to Schedules and Grades or Under Home tab, go to Quick links on the left side, then go to schedules and grades LEARNING TEAMS 1.What six documents are contained in the â€Å"Toolkit Essentials† section of the Learning Team Toolkit? Learning Team Handbook Online Campus Learning Team Handbook Guide to Completing the University of Phoenix Learning Team Charter Learning Team Log Learning Team Evaluation Learning Team Charter 2.According to the Learning Team Toolkit section, â€Å"Why Learning Teams?† what are the four essential functions filled by Learning Teams that are especially beneficial to working adult learners? Create collaborative learning environments in which working adults can share the practical knowledge that comes from their life and work experience. Improve the quality of shared projects and assignments. Serve as vehicles for the kind of shared reflection through which adult students make sense of and apply new knowledge. Provide a sense of community and support that is invaluable in helping working adults cope with the challenge of balancing school with other life demands STUDENT SERVICES 1.What is the phone number for University of Phoenix technical support? (Hint: Use the â€Å"Help† button in the top right corner of the page.) 877-832-4867 2.Where can you find information about who to contact for questions regarding student disabilities? Under the Program tab Under Services University ADA Policy or Student Disability Handbook 3.What three National Testing Programs does the University of Phoenix award credit for? College Level Examination Program (CLEP) Defense Activities for Non-Traditional Education Support (DANTES) Excelsior College Examinations 4.Name one form of misconduct in the Student Code of Conduct. (Hint: Click on Publications Student Catalog) Actions, oral statements, and written statements which threaten or violate the personal safety of any member of the faculty, staff, or other students.

P.K. Dick’s The Minority Report and Steven Spielberg’s The Minority Rep

P.K. Dick’s The Minority Report and Steven Spielberg’s The Minority Report Death can occur in four ways. A person can die from a physical illness, viruses and infections. A person can die from an accident. A person can commit suicide. Finally a person can be murdered by another person. What if murders could be prevented? In P.K. Dick’s story The Minority Report, and in Spielberg’s film The Minority Report, the future can be altered by using incredible technology. The success of Spielberg’s adaptation of Dick’s short story to film can be determined by the way each was presented. While giving a tour or precrime to Edward Witwer, the main character John Anderton finds the he is supposed to kill a person he never met Leopold Kaplan. When he tries to run and hide from precrime, Anderton is kidnapped by Kaplan. Kaplan is about to turn Anderton in to the police when Anderton is rescued by Fleming. Fleming gives Anderton money and a clue, which leads Anderton to conclude that he has an alternate future that will clear his name. He then goes to precrime to find his minority report and prove to the police that he will not commit murder. He is discovered by his wife, who he suspects is working against him, and they both leave precrime in a helicopter. On the helicopter, Anderton, his wife Lisa, and Fleming get into a fight and Anderton kills Fleming after discovering that Fleming is working for Kaplan in order to take precrime down and establish a military police state. Lisa and Anderton return to precrime where Witwer and they come up with a plan to save precr ime by proving the predictions of the precogs correct where Anderton will kill Kaplan. At a press conference, Kaplan is about the revel the failure of precrime t... ...ck only had helicopters and regular fossil fuel buses in his story, while Spielberg went farther and made vehicles which are futuristic and practical. He modernized precrime by giving them a hover jet ship which has its roots in technology which is being developed by the US Air Force today. The idea of having cars that use magnetism to travel as super speed and still be environmentally safe, is an idea which is more practically sound to exist in the future. Spielberg also took the story a dove deeper into the characters and into precrime’s history. He took a great story which was written in the mid twentieth century and really modernized it to become believable and extraordinary. Bibliography Dick, Philip K. The Minority Report and other classic stories. New York. 1987 Spielberg, Steven. The Minority Report. Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp, USA

Interview analysis Essay

The results of the interviews: The interviewees have been asked a bunch of questions regarding the ethical issues in the field of la enforcement. Before looking at the results of the interviews, it would be better to look at the questions first. These questions were as follows: 1. Why are ethics and character so important in the field of law enforcement? 2. Do you feel that police are more ethical today, or were they more ethical ten years ago? 3. Why do police officers become involved in misconduct? 4. Do you feel that there is enough training offered in ethics at the police academy level? If not, why is that? 5. Should ethics training be offered as an on-going process for law enforcement officers? 6. Do you feel that education and/or training in ethics would reduce incidents of police corruption? Now the results can be presented here. The answer of each question will be reported separately here. As far as the first question is concerned, both of the interviewees have expressed great regards for the ethical values associated with their positions. Although the two interviewees belong to two different generations, their perspectives on ethical values in the field of law enforcement are similar. Both of them stressed the need of ethics and character in the field of law enforcement. According to the jail super indent he could not have performed his duty well in his long career without following ethical norms; whereas the junior police officer believes that without giving proper respect to ethics he could not have been trustable to the society. According to both of them importance of ethics in the field of law enforcement is huge. As law enforcement practitioners they feel that without obeying ethical norms it is quite difficult to present themselves as the protector of the society. They feel that without having ethical norms to guide their conduct, they would be no better than the bad guys whom they arrest. Society put police on a very high position on account of their responsibility to the society. So it is extremely important for these guys to do right things and in order to do these they need to follow ethical norms. According them, even if their fellow practitioners do not bother about paying reverence to ethics and do not like other to do so, it is very important to do their respective duties in ethical ways. In case of the second question, the jail superintendent finds it very hard to make a comparison between the present situation and the situation that existed ten years ago. In his twenty five years of career he has seen lots of incidences of violation of ethical norms by police officers. He told that corruption in the field of law enforcement is not a new phenomenon. He himself saw a number of cases of violation of ethical norms in past by police. Police used to be accused of various crimes even ten years ago. He, however, feels that most of the departments are trying to becoming better in enforcing higher ethical standards for the practitioners. According to the jail superintended every department are trying to employ best officers for representing the respective agencies. He himself put emphasis on examining ethical values of the officers before appointing them in his department. The junior police officer on the other hand was not at all agree to draw a comparison between the two period as he feel that serving only three years in the police force he cant judge the situation that existed ten years ago as he lack proper experience. He, however, feel that at present higher authorities are paying great attention to ethical values of police, they are trying to strengthen ethical norms. He even cited an example of suspension of three junior police officers, one senior police officer and five constables on account of violation of ethical norms in last three years. He feel that today, may be in fear of suspension, police officers are trying to maintain the ethical codes of their respective positions. Although exceptions are there, he finds most of his fellow police officers obeying ethical norms. As far as the third question is concerned, both of them feel that it is not right to accuse entire police department of involving in misconduct. They feel if the entire system got corrupted, then it would not be possible for any government to maintain peace in the society. According to them, the situation have not deteriorated to such an extent that an emergency can be called upon. It simply tells the fact that there still exists good officers who are well aware of their responsibilities and perform their duties with great care. They however, did not forget to express their concern over the presence of some bad apples in the basket. Both of them are of the opinion that through the loopholes if the system some bad people enter into the system and do bad staff by taking advantage of their positions. These people have a tendency to develop a perception about themselves that they are above law and can do whatever they want to. The jail superintend as well as the junior police officer are of the opinion that the bad activities of these few people spoil the image of the entire system. They also feel that involvement of these bad people in undesired activities sometimes provokes others to involve in these acts as temptation is huge there. However, they feel that it is not right to accuse entire department of involving in misconduct. As for the forth question, the jail superintendent is of the opinion that the training system is enough for grounding ethical values among the officers. He said that the training system has been designed at a gross level. He said that the training system can not be made individual specific as it would bring huge complexities. In general the training system is well designed to guide a police officer in right direction. But he feel that ultimately the issue boils down to the fact that how an individual officer will utilize his training and follow the rules and regulations and become an example of an excellent officer. He thinks that no extra training can change a person who have a mentality to do his own staff and entered into the system only to take bad advantages of his position. The junior officer however differs to some extent from the point of view of the jail superintendent. This junior officer feels the training system is good but it can be made better as there exists wide scope for the betterment of the existing training system. He feels that a general level of time sometimes is not appropriate, particularly when people from diverse culture and background join the force. Some people inherits personality traits like greed, stubbornness in negative way, aggression, etc. hich are capable enough of diverting their focus from their responsibilities. The training system should have a method of finding out people with these personality traits and offering them special training in order to ensure that their focus will be kept only on their assigned responsibilities. Thus according the junior police officer theb training system should be modified by some extent. As far as the fifth question is concerned, both of the interviewees feel that ethical training should be made an ongoing process for the law enforcement officers. The jail superintendent said that at the beginning of his career the training was used to be offered only at the time of entering into the police force. Although sometimes some special training used to be offered, it was not made a ongoing process as a result of which many officers were found to have forgotten their actual duties. A police officer’s social responsibility is huge than a mere service man or an ordinary citizen. A process of updates of ethics training is essential at regular interval to keep them reminding of their duties and how to conduct themselves while performing their duties other wise they would fall apart. The junior police officer also feels that it is very important to remind constantly every officer of their responsibilities and the way of conducting their duties otherwise there exists a huge probability of forgetting the purpose of their service. Thus h also stressed on making ethics training a ongoing process for the law enforcement officers. As for the sixth question, both of the interviewees here feel that education and ethics training can play a great role in reducing the incidents of police corruption. Proper education and ethics training can grow among the officers a feeling of responsibility towards the society and to their respective departments. They are of the opinion that proper training and education can make the officers understand that their misconduct not only ruin their image but also the image of their departments as well as of their families and thus law enforcement officers can become more cautious while performing their duties and try to refrain from engaging any king of misconduct. Analysis of the results of the interviews: The results of the two interviews show that the law enforcement practitioners are quite sensible and possess adequate knowledge about the current situation. In spite of being a part of the law enforcement system they did not hesitate to point out its loopholes. An interesting thing has come out by analyzing the perspectives of these law enforcement officers. Looking at their answers it seems that sometimes media exaggerate the incidents and blame the entire system for the misconduct of one individual. Of course there are many examples where police officers have been accused of violating ethical norms, like misbehaving with people, involving in sexual crimes, involving in corruption like taking bribes, paying least attention to the suffering of the masses, focusing on their own personal gains and so on. Both of the interviews have admitted these facts, but they do not feel it right to accuse the entire system of these misconducts. Looking at these examples, they have also stressed on the importance of ethics training in the criminal justice system. Looking at their answers it seems that continuous ethical training is the only ways of reducing these sorts of misconducts. Although, they do not possess any clear idea about whether police were more ethical ten years ago than now, they have accepted that violations of ethical norms were quite prevalent in past too and thus it is not a new phenomenon. In essence the interviewees put stress on the importance of ethics in the field of law enforcement field and point out the importance of ethical training and education as a significant tool of reducing misconduct and corruption by police officers as ethical training and education can act as moral booster and make officers aware of their responsibilities. Conclusion: The interviewees seem to be quite right in their answer. In spite of being a part of the law enforcement system they did not try to cover up its shortcomings. The actual scenario seems to be quite similar to what the interviewees have pointed out. As the two interviewees pointed out, the importance of ethics in the field of law enforcement is huge. The issue of ethics is not new in the field of law enforcement, in fact the topic of ethical behavior have been in this field for centuries. With time concerns over ethical issues have become more and more difficult to address. In today’s society ethical standards have taken a very complex shape. Not only that, but ethical standard of law enforcement officers are also being continuously scrutinized by the public. Therefore, law enforcement officers should carry their tasks following ethical codes. Law enforcement personnel are set at a high position by the society, and hence it is the duty of these officers to perform their job in an efficient and professional way. They are not allowed to express any personal views or emotions while performing their duties. To accomplish this, they are required to adhere to the codes of ethics and conduct. Ethical standard of law enforcement officers requires them to do right thing in the right way at the right time for appropriate causes. Keeping the essence of ethical standard in mind, the â€Å"International Association of Chiefs of Police† set up a code of ethics (Grant, 2002, p. 1). This code of ethics has to be followed by every member of this association. This ethical code dictates how the officers would conduct their jobs. People have established a set of social norms and values that they want all law enforcement personnel to practice. In order to follow these norms and values and to gain respect from public, it is necessary for law enforcement officers to behave in ethical way and conduct themselves accordingly not only on duty, but also off duty. This ethical code accompanied by proper ethics training encourages officers in the field of law enforcement to become a part of an ethical profession. (Grant, 2002, pp. 1-2).

Porter Argues That If a Firm Is to Attain Competitive Advantage

Porter argues that if a firm is to attain competitive advantage; it must choose between the types of competitive advantage it seeks, discuss using an industrial example? An industry can be defined as a group of companies offering products that are closely substituting for each other in order to satisfy customers. Competitive advantage can be defined as when a firm sustains profit which exceeds the company’s average; it automatically possesses competitive advantage over rivals. The business strategy for most companies is to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage.This essay aims to discuss why firms must choose between types of competitive advantages using an industrial example. Michael Porter indentified that there are 2 basic types of competitive advantage, cost advantage and differentiation advantage. A competitive advantage exists when the firm is able to deliver the same benefits as competitors but at a lower price (Cost Advantage) or deliver benefits that exceed those of the competitors (Differentiation). Thus, the firm creates superior value and products for customers whilst it gains superior profit for the company.A resource based view emphasizes that a firm utilizes its resources and capabilities to create a competitive advantage that results in creating superior value thus the firm must have resources and capabilities that are superior to those of the competitors. Resources are the firm specific assets used for creating either a cost advantage or differentiation advantage, examples of resources are brand equity, reputation, installed customer base. While, capabilities refer to the firm’s ability of utilizing its resources, an example is the ability to bring out a product or market before competitors.Thus, the resources and capabilities together result in distinctive competencies which allow innovation, efficiency, creativity, quality and customer responsiveness which can be leveraged to create cost advantage or differentiation. Essent ially, a firm’s relative position within its industry determines whether its profitability stands above or below industry average. Porter states that there are 2 types of competitive advantage a firm can possess as mentioned above however , there are 3 generic strategies for achieving competitive advantage in an industry; cost advantage/leadership, differentiation and focus.The first type of competitive advantage is cost advantage /leadership, it is when a firm becomes low cost producer in its industry. It minimizes the cost to the organization of delivering products and services. According to Porter (1985) , there are two ways of achieving cost leadership either by increasing profit by reducing costs while charging the average price. Or by increasing market share through charging lower prices while still achieving a reasonable profit on each sale because your cost has been reduced.Furthermore, companies that are successful in achieving cost leadership usually have an access to the capital needed to invest in technology which helps reduce the cost. Also, they have very efficient logistics and a low cost base such as labor, materials and facilities (Ibid, 1985). Essentially, if a firm can achieve and maintain cost leadership, it can obtain above average performance whilst the prices are still affordable in that industry. Hence, the cost leader does not try to be the industry innovator, it seeks to position its products to appeal to the average customer taste.The aimed goal is to increase efficiency and lower its costs in relation to competitors. Some of the advantages of the cost leadership strategies are it is protected by industry competitors by cost advantage, purchases in large quantities which increases bargaining power over supplier. Also, it has the ability to reduce price to compete with substitute products, less affected by a fall in the price of inputs as it has powerful buyers. Some of the disadvantages are competitors may lower their cost str ucture, they may imitate the cost leaders method and cost reductions may affect demand.Furthermore, Porter argues that a low cost position acts to a firm’s benefit against rivalry, and it can act as a defense against powerful suppliers by providing more flexibility to cope with input increases. The car industry has always been one of the most competitive industries because of the huge revenues and profits available at stake. The competition has increased drastically in this industry as there has been a constant need to continuously develop new kinds of car models to satisfy the needs of particular groups of buyers.For example, Toyota has used its low cost structure to produce efficient and increasing ranges of vehicles tailored to different segments of the car industry. Its ability to move from the design to production stage in two to three years gives it the benefit of bringing out new models faster than its competitors and capitalize on the development of new market segment s or niches. Also, Toyota has been a leader in positioning its range of vehicles to take advantage of emerging market segments.For example , in the sports utility segment, it offers six models of sports utility vehicles each offering a combination of price, size, performance, styling and luxury that appeals to different sets of buyers. The second type of competitive advantage addressed by Porter is differentiation. As opposed to cost leadership approach, differentiation does not seek to lower prices in order to gain competitive advantage. Porter states that by using differentiation approach, a firm seeks to be unique in its industry alongside some attributes that are greatly valued by buyers.An industry selects few attributes that most buyers in an industry perceive as vital and aims to uniquely present and position itself to meet those needs. Differentiation approach is usually rewarded for its uniqueness with a premium price and to make a successful generic strategy, organizations need to have good research, development and innovation. They need to have the ability to deliver high quality products and services and have an effective sales and marketing team in order to understand the market demands.Usually, companies that follow differentiation strategies create a product that is distinct for its competitors in an important way. Therefore, a differentiator strives to differentiate itself in as many dimensions as it can, it seeks to segment the market in many niches , and it focuses on the organizational functions that provide a source of distinct advantages. According to Porter, there are several sources of product differentiation that a firm must look at.Firstly, firms should focus on the product and highlight which features they want to change, how complex they want the product to be, when they would like to introduce the product and the location. Secondly, firms should focus on their relationship with the customer, product customization, and consumer marke ting and product reputation. Lastly, firms should focus on linkages within and between firms, linkages among functions within a firm, linkages with other firms, product mix , distribution channel and service and support. Some of the advantages of differentiation strategy are customers develop brand loyalty.Also, differentiators could pass price increases onto customers, powerful buyers are not a problem because the product is distinct and differentiation and brand loyalty are barriers to entry. Some of the disadvantages of differentiation strategies are difficulties maintaining long term distinctiveness in consumer’s eyes, competitors can quickly imitate and difficulty maintaining premium price. For example, American Express carefully differentiated its product using famous people to advertise the virtues, exclusivity, and distinctness of possessing those cards.Amex cards were premium products that allowed the company to charge both customers and merchants more because it off ered quality service and conferred status on the user. By 2002, it offered 9 kinds of charge cards and 14 kinds of credit cards seeking to expand the market reach. The third strategy Porter mentions is the focus strategy which concentrates on particular niche markets and tries to understand the dynamics of that particular market. Alongside, the unique needs of customers in those markets, it seeks to develop low cost and well specified products for the market.Usually, it results in strong brand loyalty amongst customers which makes their market segment less attractive to competitors. Focus strategy usually combines with either cost leadership or differentiation as it is not enough on its own. In addition, the focuser strives to serve the need of a targeted niche market segment where it has either a low cost or differentiated competitive advantage. In cost focus, a firm seeks cost advantage as its target segment. In differentiation focus, firms choose differentiation as their main app roach.Some of the advantages of focus strategy is the focuser is protected from rivals by providing a product or service that they cannot offer, the focuser has power over buyers because they cannot get the same service from anywhere else. Also, the threat of new entrants is limited by customer loyalty to the brand and customer loyalty lessens the threat from substitutes. Some of the disadvantages of focus strategies are differentiators will compete for a focuser’s niche and the focuser’s niche may disappear because of technological change or changes in customer’s tastes.

Summery of project management Essay Example

Summery of project management Essay Example Summery of project management Essay Summery of project management Essay Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men What is project management? Key understanding of Project Management In changing world How can a small business succeed in a rapidly changing world, with changing customer desires, new competitors, new technology, and new suppliers halting us from all directions? The answer is project management. Project management helps us realize our dreams, take an advantage of opportunities, and solve our problems in changing times. Well put project management into simple language and learn how we can make projects work. Definition of basic conception; Project Management When it comes to the definition of Project, it can be defined as follows; a dream with a deadline or a problem scheduled for a solution. In general, Projects come in all sizes. In a small business, some might take months such as launching the business or opening a new store. Others might be fulfillment work for a few weeks: creating the fall catalog and mailing It out or building a new web site. Some projects take Just a few hours: finding a new supplier to replace the one that Is unreliable or holing staff for the summer rush. It Is a good idea to think of our opportunities and problems as projects. With regard to the definition of management, it can be said as follows; all process to evaluate, investigate, and plan how to control the business or the opposite meaning of situation where business is on out of control. Classification of Project Management. We can largely divide the project into two; internal project and external project. Firstly, some projects are Internal. They dont make money directly, but they change the way you work. Maybe you install a new bookkeeping system or you launch a new advertising campaign. For these projects, your customer Is Inside the company. Secondly, External projects are projects for customers. When we succeed on an external project, we make money and delight the customer. By making delighted customer, companies run their business stably and earn the constant profit from them. So, managing external projects souls be considered important in their management. 2. General idea to practice project management Eight Ways Projects Benefit Your Business In order to improve business, companies can throw away the conventional step to measure and practice the project, and develop the new conception what it calls 8 ways Into their business. 8 ways are as follows; firstly, companies should bring a new reduce or service to market they have something new to sell. And secondly, they Increase production so they can make more things to sell. This helps only If they have customers who will buy those things. Thirdly, they should Increase market share, for they should reach new markets or customers, for example, by opening a new location or starting to sell through a web site. For fifth step, they can market or deliver to their customers in new ways, increasing sales or lowering the cost of sales. For sixth step, they should speed up cycle time, getting products to market faster, completing Jobs aster, getting supplies faster, and making decisions faster, which makes themselves more flexible and competitive. For seventh step, they should reduce or avoid costs, changing the way we get supplies or the way they work to reduce waste and cost and increase net revenue. As for the last step, they should reduce risk and protects assets, to improve protection of their tangible assets preventing damage, fraud, and theft and their intangible assets things like customer good will, employee loyalty, and recognition of themselves and their company as reliable professionals and good citizens. Participants and their role in Project Management participants Their role Sponsors They kick off the project and provides the money Executive managers They run the company that is doing the project Customers They receive primary benefit from project results Project managers They are responsible for running the project with the team on a daily basis. Project team They work full time or the most time on the project, planning and doing the actual work to create the result Vendor They provide products or services to the project team Peripheral stakeholder They have some occasional contact with part of the product 3. Nine area of Project Management. Over the last 35 years, the Project Management Institute (PM) has worked to define the field of project management as an independent profession and certify professionals in the field. And the PM has finally discovered that there are nine areas companies need to manage to make a project succeed. It calls these the nine areas of project management knowledge. Scope: What and How Project scope definition answers the questions What are we making? and How will we make it? The goal is to define everything companies need to do to complete that, their goal is to keep scope under control. They track their work and correct their course so that they do everything they need to do. Time: Effort and Duration At the end of project scope management, companies know what work they will be doing. In time planning, they prepare activity lists they decide who will do, what and when. From this, they can plan project effort, the number of person and hours of work to be done, and project duration, how long the project will take from start to finish. Project time management also includes time estimation and schedule control to make sure theyre getting work done on time. Cost: Estimates, Budgets, and Tracking Once companies have figured out our schedule, they can estimate what the project will cost. They build a budget and then they track the time and money they spend each week. If they dont track it as they go along, their schedule and budget will go out of control. They will fall behind and not even know it. They keep on top of the project by looking at the work theyve accomplished, the time theyve spent, and the money theyve spent. Quality: Make It Good There are two aspects to quality management. One is in designing the product or service?the project results. They should ask more than What are we making? They would ask, What will make it really good? The second part of quality management is about working smarter. That is, they focus on the quality of their process?on how they do the work, manage the project, and manage business and customer value. Risk: Make Sure We Get It Done What if? is the central question of project risk management. Companies realize that the future is always uncertain they dont know what will happen. So, they should think about what might happen and write it down. Then they prepare for each thing that might change their project plan or get in the way of success. Once theyre ready or any contingency, they keep risk under control by tracking events weekly and handling things if they look like they are about to happen or when they do. Human Resources: The Project Team For small businesses, project human resources means getting the right people on the team for the Job and making sure workers can do the work well. For each person on each Job, companies ask if they understand the work, if they have the right skills, and if they have the time to do the work. Any time one of those questions gets no for an answer, they find a solution: they explain the Job, they get training or bring in an expert, or they give project work the priority it needs to get the Job done right. Communications: Keep Everyone on Board management are. Then companies figure out what they need to hear from them and what they need to hear from head centers. They plan, manage, and execute effective communications to make sure the plan includes everyones perspective, that everyone understands the plan, and that everyone is on the same page and up to date when changes hit the project. Procurement: Getting What We Need For most small business projects, procurement is making a good shopping list and hen making sure companies get the right thing and that it comes in on time. In some cases, they may do some hunting for best prices. Sometimes, they have to deal with vendor selection and contract management as well Integration: Keeping It All Together. In ninth area, project integration management, means that companies should keep track of what is going on in all the other areas and deal with any changes to the project promptly and fully. This is also called integrated change management. That is, the eight knowledge areas in advance companies should consider are all tied together in one system. 4. Process of making problems into project Right way to approach the problem There are a bunch of wrong ways to approach problems and theyre all about blame. Blame asks questions about the past, but only to point fingers. Who did this? Who made this mess? Those kinds of questions dont get companies anywhere. Instead of asking, Who? if something isnt working, ask, What? and then ask, Why? What happened? Whats wrong? Why did this happen? Those are useful questions. Another way to avoid blame is to focus on the present and the future. Once companies understand what happened, they shift from the past to the future and ask, What can we do to fix this? Then Who? can be the right question: Who is the best person to fix this problem? And he or she might Just be the person who made the mistake. From Problem to Project Often times, while companies run their business, they obviously face some problems to block them from reaching their goal. Some companies try to avoid and ignore it. However, a problem is a problem. And when they recognize that, they put it on a schedule to fix it. As soon as they do that, the problem becomes a project. Here is a process for going choosing the best solution to a problem. 1. Picture the solution. A information. Do you need to get a price quote on repair? On a new machine? Do you need to learn about newer models? Do you need to see how much money you have available? 3. Ask if you need expertise. Are you and your team qualified to come up with the best solution? Remember that a lot of expertise is free these days between vendors who will give a price quote at no charge and internet research, we can often get the know-how we need while spending little or no money and little time. . List your options. Write out a clear description of each solution. The repair will cost $2,000 and the machine will probably last two more years. A new machine costs $6,000 and will probably last five years. . Maybe make a decision. If one option is clearly better than the others, then select that one. If not, then put off the decision by including maki ng the decision as part of the project plan. In this case, we might delay the decision until weve learned about financing options on the new machine and the money we can make selling the old machine. 5. Process of defining the scope Companies should pick one and plan out what they are doing in detail to make the project happen. The Project Management Institute calls this defining the scope of the project. Scope planning includes defining all that companies are making and layering what they are not making. When they are done planning scope, they should have a clear picture of what they are making. Once they know what they are making, they can define how they will make it?that is, they move from describing results to describing the steps of the process, the tasks that will get the work done. Here are the steps of defining scope, from the big picture down to the details. 6. Planning time and money Companies should figure out how much it will cost, when they will do it, and how long it will take. The techniques in this step are not difficult, but few take the time to really use them well. If most of them remember a few basic rules, they can avoid the most common problems in planning time and money: here are two basic key concepts; 1 . Keep allocation and estimation separate. Allocate based on the amount of time and money the company can reasonably spend to get project results. Estimate from the project plan. After both the allocation and the estimate are prepared, then see if the project is affordable. If not, change the plan or cancel the project. 2. In estimating, avoid bias. Bias means leaning one way or the other. For example, if you say, l have to do this for under $2,000, then youll try to make the numbers look right. You could end up fooling yourself telling yourself that you can do a $5,000 Job for $2,000. And the allocation. 7. Process of making quality The phases of the best project quality management For the first, companies define quality. When they build their scope statement, they should ask, What makes it good? When they focus on quality from the beginning, they can make fewer mistakes, reducing total project cost and shortening the schedule. They deliver better results with less rework, sooner, while spending less money. For the second, they should plan for quality. Through using quality control, laity assurance, and effective gate reviews, they find smart ways of workin g that deliver the best results at the lowest cost on the shortest schedule. For the third, they control quality to make sure that the product is what it is supposed to be. And then, they should ensure quality from the beginning to the end of the project. And lastly, they should deliver quality to ensure customer delight. 8. Risk management Basic concept of risk management For the first, companies should know the meaning of Risk Identification. It is about to figure out what could go wrong, and write it down. They start with knowing that something could go wrong, that something unexpected could happen. They ask, What could that be? Then they write down the answer. The best time to hold a major risk-planning meeting is shortly after the activity list is done. For the second, they should know the meaning of Risk Analysis. It is about to identify the likelihood and consequences of each risk, and prioritize the risks. It accompanies the process of naming the risk, and describing the consequences, the risk trigger, the likelihood, and estimating the significance of the risk, and finally describing options for managing he risk before or when it happens. And for the third step, and last step, they should know the meaning of Risk response planning and Risk monitoring. When it comes to Risk response planning, it is about to get ready for what might happen, item by item. They have to decide what theyre going to do about it their risk management options. By putting it on the list, theyve accepted the risk under management. And with regard to Risk monitoring, it is about to check up on the risks and update the risk control plan at each daily or weekly status meeting throughout the project,. 9. Management of HRS and communication Management of human resource Once companies have good people with the right skills, they have the resources for the project. However, those resources have to work together well. Therefore, their best bet is to hire people with these qualities as follows; Honesty, Interest, Reliability, Attitude and Skill or Testability. But not only that, they should define Jobs very clearly. If the team members are willing to do the work, then its companies Job to work with them so that they know what to do. At a minimum, each worker should have a clearly defined goal for each day of work. And finally, companies should also ark and gets it done right, the more likely the project is to succeed. Also, people are more motivated and enjoy their work more when they figure out how to do a Job themselves. Management of communication Effective communications is essential to project success. So often, companies leave out one small detail and then they have to redo the work. To prevent this, they have to teach their team members to think through details, request what is needed in detail, and work together to get it done right the first time. Even worse, it is only human to get frustrated, upset, or even angry when things dont go well. When it moms to communications, we have to lead by example. If we communicate clearly and effectively; if they thank people for telling themselves whats going on, even when the news is bad; and if they apologize when they make a mistake and get a little snippy, then their team members will be open to learning to do likewise. When the team is ready to learn, they should consider Figure 10-2 on upper picture. This is because when companies have a project plan and then all team members make a habit of doing good level-I and level-2 feedback, something wonderful happens. By sharing the feedback which is information for better performance, They et a highly effective process called customer service within the team. 10. About Procurement Management Most of what the Project Management Institute teaches about putting out requests for proposals, comparing bids to select vendors, and managing contracts doesnt apply to companies small business folks, anyway. So, they should focus on the following issues: Purchasing for projects, Getting expertise, Getting information, Getting permission, Evaluating vendors, Tracking and saving money in the purchasing process. Although this work is a small part of our project, doing it well is a big prevention of project problems. Everything we need from outside the project every external dependency is a project risk. So some extra attention is called for to prevent problems. Purchasing for Projects When it comes to purchasing for projects, inside the company, the only way to find out all the rules, glitches, and possible delays is to talk with everyone. And even then, someone usually leaves something out. In addition, Projects are unique, so purchases for projects are often unique. Companies may be buying something from an industry theyve never dealt with before. When they dont know the ropes, theyre more likely to make assumptions and mistakes. Getting Expertise When it comes to getting expertise, it could be clearly said; sometimes, companies dont need products or services; they need expertise and knowledge. Usually, this comes in one of two forms: they need either training or guidance. In training, they and their team learn how to do something and then apply the ideas themselves. In guidance, they and their team receive specific direction on how to prepare for or to Getting Information Sometimes, companies simply need information. They may Just need to know certain facts for a project or they may need to get information as a first step toward finding he right book, the right training class, or the right vendor. The internet is an amazing timeserver here. If they dont know how to do research on the internet, they can take a few hours and learn?it will save themselves weeks of time within a year. And most of what they are looking for is available for free. Getting Permission Sometimes, companies need permission, too. An obvious case is building permits for a construction project. The challenge with getting permission is often that the person or organization giving permission cares more about not making a mistake than about helping themselves to succeed. The guard doesnt want to let the wrong person into the building. The town council wants to stop the wrong kind of development. Evaluating Vendors The bigger the project, the more important it is to evaluate vendors carefully. Companies need to look at vendors for products and short-term services in one way and vendors for long-term services differently. If they are buying a product or piece of equipment for their project, they also should consider that the vendor understands the business and technical requirements and can guide themselves in product selection and confirm that the product they are choosing is suited to the ask. Vendors for Long-Term Services Sometimes, companies want to use someone from outside their company for most or all of the length of the project. In this case, they need to do a deeper evaluation and check the vendors against their requirements more rigorously. This applies whether they are hiring a consultant to Join (or even lead) the team or they are outsourcing the project entirely to a consulting firm or vendor. 1 1 . About Procurement Management In working up the project plan, companies have looked at eight areas of project management: scope, time, cost, quality, risk, human resources, communications, and recruitment. With eight perspectives, it can be hard to see that, all together, they make one plan. But companies should see how the eight areas work together and then learn about the ninth area project integration management. Using the ninth area, theyll have one solid plan, good to go. In organizing the nine areas of project management theyll distinguish three that lead to defined, measurable results (r) and six that support these results, but that are measured by tracking their process (p). Theyll start with the three (r) results areas, which are related to one another by what is called the iron triangle. Iron doesnt bend or stretch. And theres a rule about triangles: if companies change keep the shape of the triangle. The iron triangle illustrates a rule in project management: they cant deliver more on a project (increase scope), without spending more and taking longer (increasing time and cost). This is illustrated in Figure 12-1, the iron triangle. The main use of this tool is to educate customers and executives on the fact that, if they ask for more results, youre going to ask for more time and money. 12. Change Management Sometimes, companies cant follow the original plan, because of an error in the plan r a big change or several risk events. When companies change the plan, it is called rebelling. This means that they are working to a new plan, with a new schedule, a new budget, and some new risks as well. Here are the four levels of change management and risk management to deal with these situations: Add to the scope. If, when companies evaluate a change request, they decide to add to project scope, theyre adding time, cost, and risk. If it is essential so that project results actually add value, then they do it. If it is very beneficial and early enough in he project to make the change, then they might do it. But, in either case, it is equivalent to changing the destination on their sailing trip. Drop something from the scope. Sometimes they run into trouble either a big risk event or Just a discovery that work cant go as fast as theyd hoped. Then they cant deliver everything on time and within the budget. If they cannot delay delivery and get more money, then they should intentionally drop some part of our scope. Add more time and/or money. If they run into trouble?either with a big risk event or with the discovery that their Lana left something out or Just estimated over-optimistically, they may be able to meet our original project goals by spending more time and/or increasing their budget. Reevaluate the plan. Sometimes, major changes to the company or project or a realization that something was wrong at the start force them to reevaluate the whole project plan. They might be considering project cancellation or they might Just be saying, Theyve got to figure out whats wrong here and fix it. This is called a project review. 13. Managing Scope Creep In project change management, each change requires good Judgment. Therefore, it is essential to write down the change request and take it through a process of research, decision, communication, and if the change is accepted updating the plan. In addition, companies should manage the entire load of change with good communication, planning, and finally education to prevent scope creep. Preventing Scope Creep and set up a clear project life cycle with stages and gates. Let people know that creative ideas are encouraged during the planning and preparation stage. Be sure to do walk-through and risk assessment meetings so that features, quality, value, and risks are all addressed in planning. Also, investigate the initial situation as thoroughly as companies can. Then make a list of their assumptions and check them. If companies do all of this, there will be very few surprises and very few reasons for change. 14. Time Cost Management Time management in project doing stage This part is quite related to how companies finally manage their workers inside the company so as to make time efficient. So, the key to make success in managing them has to do with the employees who need to be motivated and focused. And here are some consideration that companies should notice in managing them. ) Interruptions or conflicting priorities. When people get interrupted, they work only one-third as fast as if they are not interrupted. Also, they may be given contradictory priorities between the project and other work or may feel that there is a conflict. Work to clear time and clarify priorities. 2) The need for a can-do attitude. A can-do attitude, also called a proactive approach, is essential for project work. Because projects are unique, they bring up new challenges and demand creative thinking. Support this in your team. If any team members are more l Just do my Job, focus on avian them understand that there is no excuse for missing a deadline. If work gets stuck, then there is a reason, and team members should come to you and bring the problems, so you can get the work unstuck and they can meet their goals. 3) Overestimation of speed or ability. The plan may simply have had an over-optimistic estimate. Rather than continuing to accept a small, cumulative delay each week, ask what youve learned about how much work can be done and revise the plan so that it is realistic. Cost management in project doing stage Simply tracking expenses is an important first step. There are four other things companies can do to keep costs under management and also reduce hassle. 1) Do clear procurement in writing. Even for small items and short, inexpensive sub- contractor Jobs, write a letter of agreement saying what will be done/ 2) Keep up to date with vendors. Agree on schedules for billing and work with vendors. 3) Keep organized electronic and paper files. 4) Price shop and negotiate for discounts 15. Quality Management These days, companies have emphasized that focusing on quality from the beginning actually lowers project cost while improving the quality of results and allows them to

An Introduction To DNA

An Introduction To DNA DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of eve living organisms including some viruses. It is a dimer consists of two strands that immerse upon each other and appear as a double helix that are linked together covalently with each other. Each strand is made up of similar repeating units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide composed of three different moieties,a 2-deoxyribose sugar,a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. 1.1.1 2-Deoxyribose sugar The 2-deoxyribose sugar, a major structural component of DNA is a cyclic molecule .The sugars are joined together by phosphate groups that form phosphodiester bonds between third and fifth carbon atoms of adjacent sugar rings.The 5†² carbon of deoxyribose sugar is attached to the 3†² carbon of the next, and make a network of 3†² carbon and 5†² carbon.5’end of a DNA molecule is characterized by a free phosphate (P) group and the 3†² end is characterized by a free hydroxyl (OH) group. It lacks an hyd roxyl group at the 2 position as in a ribose therefore a sugar moiety is a 2-deoxyribose. Two free hydroxyl groups are also located on the 5 carbon and 3-carbon of 2-deoxyribose sugar.These hydroxyl groups give a DNA oligomer its designation of 5 and the 3 end(usually accent as â€Å"three prime end† and â€Å"five prime end†). 1.1.2 Sugar-Phosphate backbone The 2-deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate group forms the backbone in the DNA which are highly polar and defines directionality of the molecule. The polar hydrophilic back- bone is surrounded by a core of hydrophobic bases and is important for the stability and structure of DNA. The phosphate groups have a negative charge that gives a concentra- tion of negative charge on the backbone of DNA and also makes DNA,a negatively charge 5 1 Fundamentals molecule. The charge is also neutralised by DNA-binding proteins that contain the pos- itively charged amino acids lysine and arginine, which are attracted to the negatively charged phosphate backbone. See Fig. 1.1. Figure 1.1: DNA backbone 1.1.3 Nucleic acid bases DNA contain four different nitrogenous bases that make monomer of one nucleotide different from other. These bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and gua- nine(G). The bases come in two categories pyrimidines and purines. Larger nucleic acids adenine and guanine are members of a class of doubly ringed structures called purines while the smaller nucleic acids cytosine and thymine are members of a class of singly- ringed chemical structures called pyrimidines .A six-membered ring with two-nitrogen molecule formed a pyrimidine structure whereas purine is produced by a nine-membered, ring with four- nitrogen molecule. Each unit of the ring constructing the base is numbered to for specific identification. They are arranged in a particular order along the backbone of DNA to make a long chain of varying sequence that contains the code for proteins.The sequence specifies the exact genet ic instructions required to create a particular organism with its own unique traits. 6 1 Fundamentals 1.1.4 Base Pairing in DNA The nitrogenous bases are responsible to form double-strand of DNA in consequence of weak hydrogen bonds and have specific shapes and hydrogen bond properties. The three hydrogen bonds form between guanine and cytosine and then denoted as G.C or C.G,depending on which is associated with the first strand. Similarly adenine and thymine also bond exclusively by pairing of two hydrogen bonds and then denoted as A.T or T.A. This coupling up of nitrogen bases termed as complementarity.,A hydrogen bond donor need an equivalent hydrogen bond acceptor to form a hydrogen bond in the base across from it. Purines are only complementary with pyrimidines because molecules in pyrimidine-pyrimidine pairings are very far from each other that doesn’t makes the hydrogen bonding to be established. Purine-purine pairing are energetically unfavourable because the molecule s are too close and create an electrostatic repulsion. The only possible pairings are GT and AC. Primary and secondary amine groups or hydroxyl groups are common hydrogen bond donar while carbonyl and tertiary amines are common hydrogen bond acceptor groups. There are two hydrogen bonds between an A:T base pair. One hydrogen bond lie between the 6†² primary amine of adenine and the 4†² carbonyl of thymine. The other hydrogen bond form between the 1†² tertiary amine of adenine and the 2†² secondary amine of thymine. On the other hand,G:C base pair has three hydrogen bonds. One hydrogen bond lie between guanine with its 6†² hydrogen bond accepting carbonyl and cytosine having 4†² hydrogen bond accepting primary amine. The second hydrogen bond also formed between guanine on 1†² secondary amine and cytosine 3†² tertiary amine and the third formed between the 2†² primary amine on guanine and the 2†² carbonyl on cytosine.